The global cadastre

The article discusses whether a globally connected cadastre is possible. Most land transactions occur in domestic, national land markets. However, many parties are now looking beyond their borders. Indeed, international land trading is burgeoning: governments, businesses and citizens from various countries, whether rich or poor, are now actively engaged as buyers and sellers in global land deals. Basically, it is easier to transact in the global market than ever before: land is increasingly a global commodity. The world's interconnected financial markets support this growing level of international trade and investment but, as one saw with financial markets in 2008, the quality of these global systems should not be taken for granted. Such foreign investment in land is not new: international companies have been investing for some time in commercial development, housing and mineral exploration, and more recently agriculture too

Factors Influencing the Selection of an Adaptive Learning Technology within University and K-12

Technology continues to shape the landscape of higher education, universities and K-12, therefore, need to design programs that accommodate the diverse needs of their students. As universities and K-12 consider pathways for meeting these needs, it will be fundamental that consideration is given to sound pedagogical principles for teaching and learning within these changing landscapes. This position paper reports on the key principles and factors influencing the selection of an adaptive learning system within universities. An extensive literature review demonstrates the benefits when an adaptive learning system gives equal consideration to technology and pedagogical issues

Factors Influencing the Selection of an Adaptive Learning Technology within University and K-12

Technology continues to shape the landscape of higher education, universities and K-12, therefore, need to design programs that accommodate the diverse needs of their students. As universities and K-12 consider pathways for meeting these needs, it will be fundamental that consideration is given to sound pedagogical principles for teaching and learning within these changing landscapes. This position paper reports on the key principles and factors influencing the selection of an adaptive learning system within universities. An extensive literature review demonstrates the benefits when an adaptive learning system gives equal consideration to technology and pedagogical issues

Leveraging the Affordances of Virtual Reality Systems within K-12 Education: Responding to Future Innovations

It is estimated that by 2021, revenue from virtual reality systems could reach two hundred and fifteen billion dollars (Reyes, 2017). The leading investors in virtual reality systems include some of the largest technology companies: Facebook, Google, and Microsoft. This increased revenue spending has influenced and continues to influence improvements in virtual reality systems. As these new advances emerge, it is imperative that policymakers, educators and instructional designers consider the fusion of pedagogy and technology when using virtual reality systems

Towards Responsible Consolidation of Customary Lands: A Research Synthesis

The use of land consolidation on customary lands has been limited, though land fragmentation persists. Land fragmentation on customary lands has two main causes—the nature of the customary land tenure system, and the somewhat linked agricultural system. Since attempts to increase food productivity on customary lands have involved fertilisation and mechanisation on the small and scattered farmlands, these approaches have fallen short of increasing food productivity. A study to develop a responsible approach to land consolidation on customary lands using a design research approach is undertaken and reported here. Based on a comparative study, it is found that three factors inhibit the development of a responsible land consolidation approach on customary lands—the coverage of a land administration system, a land valuation approach, and a land reallocation approach the fits the customary land tenure system. To fill these gaps, firstly, this study developed the participatory land administration that brought together traditional land administration approaches with emerging bottom-up approaches, as well as technological advances that drive these approaches together with the growing societal needs. Secondly, a valuation approach was developed to enable the comparison of the farmlands in rural areas that are without land markets. Finally, a land reallocation approach was developed based on the political, economic and social, as well as technical and legal characteristics of rural customary farmlands. This study concludes that though the land consolidation strategy developed is significantly able to reduce land fragmentation, both physical and land tenure, the local customs are an obstruction to the technical processes to achieve the best form of farmland structures

Review of remote sensing for land administration: Origins, debates, and selected cases

Conventionally, land administration—incorporating cadastres and land registration—uses ground-based survey methods. This approach can be traced over millennia. The application of photogrammetry and remote sensing is understood to be far more contemporary, only commencing deeper into the 20th century. This paper seeks to counter this view, contending that these methods are far from recent additions to land administration: successful application dates back much earlier, often complementing ground-based methods. Using now more accessible historical works, made available through archive digitisation, this paper presents an enriched and more complete synthesis of the developments of photogrammetric methods and remote sensing applied to the domain of land administration. Developments from early phototopography and aerial surveys, through to analytical photogrammetric methods, the emergence of satellite remote sensing, digital cameras, and latterly lidar surveys, UAVs, and feature extraction are covered. The synthesis illustrates how debates over the benefits of the technique are hardly new. Neither are well-meaning, although oft-flawed, comparative analyses on criteria relating to time, cost, coverage, and quality. Apart from providing this more holistic view and a timely reminder of previous work, this paper brings contemporary practical value in further demonstrating to land administration practitioners that remote sensing for data capture, and subsequent map production, are an entirely legitimate, if not essential, part of the domain. Contemporary arguments that the tools and approaches do not bring adequate accuracy for land administration purposes are easily countered by the weight of evidence. Indeed, these arguments may be considered to undermine the pragmatism inherent to the surveying discipline, traditionally an essential characteristic of the profession. That said, it is left to land administration practitioners to determine the relevance of these methods for any specific country context. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Assessing Urban Land Governance in Ethiopian Cities (2002-2011):Lessons for the 2011 Urban Land Management Policy Implementation

The people and lands of Ethiopia partake in the global movement towards urbanization. However, the land-to-people interfaces in urban Ethiopia are considered far from sustainable. This paper explores this assumption through the analytical lens of land governance and land administration. It considered the implementation of the urban land leasehold law from 2002-2011. Empirical data were collected from three case study cities in Ethiopia. A SWOT analysis technique with an additional priority component was employed. The SWOT analysis results indicated that the land administration and land governance situation in the case study cities during 2002-2011 were deterred by the lack of: an underlying land policy, independent responsible institution, coordination between different institutions, societal participation, and weak enforcement of laws and spatial plans. Priority areas that should improve these shortcomings and support future strategic planning and land development are identified. Overall, this study provides lessons for the implementation of the 2011 urban land policy to achieve its desired outcomes such as sustainable urban development